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Conditional Sentences

Zero, first, second, and third conditionals used in business English.

Zero Conditional: general facts

  • If you heat water to 100°C, it *boils*.

    • First Conditional: real/possible future

  • If the budget *is approved*, we *will hire* more staff.

    • Second Conditional: unreal/hypothetical present

  • If we *had* more funding, we *would expand* overseas.

    • Third Conditional: unreal past

  • If we *had started* earlier, we *would have finished* on time.

    • Mixed Conditional: past condition → present result

  • If they *had invested* last year, they *would be* wealthy now.

    • Examples

    TOEFL Tip:

    First conditional (if + present, will + V) is most common in TOEFL business contexts.