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Parallel Structure

Maintaining grammatical consistency in lists and paired expressions.

Items in a list or joined by conjunctions must be in the same grammatical form.

Correct:

  • The job requires *planning*, *organizing*, and *communicating*. ✓
  • She is *talented*, *hardworking*, and *dedicated*. ✓

    • Incorrect:

  • The job requires *planning*, *to organize*, and *communication*. ✗

    • With Correlative Conjunctions:

  • both...and: Both *efficient* and *reliable*
  • either...or: Either *submit* the form or *call* the office
  • not only...but also: Not only *increased sales* but also *improved service*
  • neither...nor: Neither the *manager* nor the *assistant* was available

    • Examples

    TOEFL Tip:

    Check that all items in a list have the same form (all gerunds, all nouns, all infinitives).