Adverb Clauses

Time, reason, condition, and concession adverb clauses with key conjunctions.

Adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer when, why, how, or under what condition.

Time: when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, once

*Once* the contract is signed, production will begin.

Reason: because, since, as, now that

*Since* demand has increased, we hired more staff.

Condition: if, unless, provided that, as long as

*Unless* the payment is received, the order will be canceled.

Concession: although, even though, while, whereas

*Although* the price increased, sales remained strong.

Important: Use a conjunction (not a preposition) before a clause (S+V).

Conjunction (+ clause)	Preposition (+ noun)
although	despite / in spite of
because	because of / due to
while	during

Examples

Although the product was expensive, customers continued to purchase it. — 제품이 비쌌지만 고객들은 계속 구매했다.

TOEFL Tip:

Conjunction vs preposition is a TOP TOEFL question type. If S+V follows, use a conjunction.

Adverb Clauses

Time, reason, condition, and concession adverb clauses with key conjunctions.

Adverb clauses modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer when, why, how, or under what condition.

Time: when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, once

*Once* the contract is signed, production will begin.

Reason: because, since, as, now that

*Since* demand has increased, we hired more staff.

Condition: if, unless, provided that, as long as

*Unless* the payment is received, the order will be canceled.

Concession: although, even though, while, whereas

*Although* the price increased, sales remained strong.

Important: Use a conjunction (not a preposition) before a clause (S+V).

Conjunction (+ clause)	Preposition (+ noun)
although	despite / in spite of
because	because of / due to
while	during

Examples

Although the product was expensive, customers continued to purchase it. — 제품이 비쌌지만 고객들은 계속 구매했다.

TOEFL Tip:

Conjunction vs preposition is a TOP TOEFL question type. If S+V follows, use a conjunction.